Total Nonfarm Payroll Jobs
Total Nonfarm Payroll Jobs
- Month-over Total nonfarm jobs in Californias 11 major industries totaled 17,722,700 in October a net gain of 56,700 jobs from September. This followed a downward revised month-over gain of 5,300 jobs in September.
- Year-over Total nonfarm jobs increased by 695,500 from October 2021 to October 2022 compared to the U.S. annual gain 5,303,000 jobs .
| 2,529,900 |
Total Farm jobs The number of jobs in the agriculture industry decreased from September by 100 to a total of 410,700 jobs in October. The agricultural industry had 3,000 more farm jobs in October 2022 than it did in October a year ago.
Given The Measurement Problems During The Pandemic Are There Alternatives To The Bls Indicators Of Slack To Gauge The Health Of The Labor Market
Some economists have offered their own estimates of labor market slack trying to account for the misclassification and unusual movements in labor force participation during the pandemic. For example, Jason Furman and Wilson Powell III at the Peterson Institute for International Economics calculate what they call the realistic unemployment rate. Their realistic unemployment rate was 8.3 percent in January, two percentage points higher than the official unemployment rate. Furman and Powells realistic unemployment rate differs from the official in two ways. First, they estimate the number of workers misclassified as being not at work for other reasons and count them as unemployed. Second, they try to estimate the excess decline in labor force participation beyond what would be expected given the rise in unemployment, and add those people to the unemployment rate as well. While this estimate is dependent on the specific modeling assumptions, it is nonetheless a useful attempt to reveal the extent to which we underestimate the true disruption to peoples livelihoods if we fail to account for the unusually large drop in labor force participation.
What Are The Other Measures Of Us Unemployment
American unemployment rates utilize five measures in addition to the headline H3 figures: U-1, U-2, U-4, U-5, and U-6. Each of these incrementally considers additional groups of individuals and labels them as unemployed The U-6 number is sometimes referred to as the “real” unemployment rate since it is the most comprehensive.
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What Is Not Included In The Unemployment Rate
The unemployment rate only takes into consideration the labor force. The labor force consists of those individuals that are currently working and those that are not working but who are looking for work. If an individual has not been looking for work in the previous four weeks, they are not considered part of the labor force and do not factor into the unemployment rate.
Where Do The Data On Unemployment Come From
Data on unemployment are collected every month in the Current Population Survey , a survey of about 60,000 households, conducted by the Census and the BLS every month, which includes roughly 105,000 people ages 16 and older. The questions about unemployment refer to what people were doing during the week that includes the 12th of the month, known as the reference weekso the survey to be released on Friday, March 4, 2021 will cover the week of February 8, 2021. The CPS is referred to as the household survey, to distinguish it from the establishment survey, which counts the number of people on employer payrolls.
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Definition And Examples Of The Natural Rate Of Unemployment
The natural unemployment rate is the lowest level sustainable without creating inflation. In a healthy economy, workers are always coming and going, looking for better jobs. Until they find that new job, this jobless status is the natural rate of unemployment.
The natural rate of unemployment has been declining since the 1980s. One reason is that the percentage of older workers has increased, from 12.1% in 2000 to 23.6% in 2020. Older workers who lose their jobs are more likely to retire and leave the labor force instead of adding to unemployment levels.
The Cleveland Federal Reserve noted that “job polarization” has shifted the labor force into either low-skill or high-skill occupations. The middle-skill occupations have been replaced by technology, while high-skill workers are less likely to be laid off, which lowers the natural unemployment rate.
Compare The Real Unemployment Rate
The official unemployment rate has been a little more than half the real rate throughout the years. That remains true no matter how well the economy is doing. The real unemployment rate stayed at 6.9% as the official rate dropped to 3.9% in December 2020. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate was 10.0% in October 2009, its highest after the 2008 recession. The real rate, however, was still a much higher 17.1%.
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What Is The Relationship Between Initial Claims And The Unemployment Rate And Why Might It Be Different Now
The number of people receiving UI and the number counted as unemployed do tend to move in the same direction, but there is no formal link between the two. The only criteria for being counted as unemployed are that you are without a job and that you have actively searched for work or are on temporary layoff. You dont need to be collecting unemployment insurance to be counted as unemployed. And some people are eligible to collect partial unemployment insurance benefits if they are working but have been assigned a schedule that is far below their usual weekly hours.
Many people who become unemployed do not apply for UI benefits, either because they are not eligible or because they choose not to apply. So initial claims typically understate the number of people becoming unemployed in a given week. That said, there are people who file an initial claim and are not counted as unemployed in the CPS. This could happen if a person doesnt meet the CPS criteria for being unemployedfor instance, if they file for UI because their work schedule was reduced, or if the person has a very short spell of unemployment which is not captured in the CPS .
Australias Unemployment Rate Falls To 34% As Very Tight Labour Market Puts Pressure On Rba
Economy adds 32,000 jobs in October despite record series of interest rate rises
Australias unemployment rate fell in October as the labour market added more jobs and workers clocked up more hours, underscoring the resilience of the economy amid a record series of interest rate rises unleashed by the Reserve Bank.
The economys jobless rate was 3.4% last month, returning to a half-century low reached in July, the Australian Bureau of Statistics said on Thursday. Economists had expected a modest increase to 3.6%.
Employers added about 32,000 jobs, with slightly more than half of them full-time. The number of hours worked rose 2.3% to 1,864m. The participation rate, which gauges how many people are looking for work, eased slightly to 66.5%.
The participation rate was 0.2 percentage points below the record high of 66.7 per cent in June 2022, but 0.7 percentage points higher than before the pandemic, said Bjorn Jarvis, a senior ABS official.Flood events across New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania meant more people were working reduced hours due to bad weather, increasing from 66,000 people in September to 100,000 in October 2022, the ABS said.
Australia’s jobless rate is back to the 3.4% level touched in July…despite the spate of RBA rate rises. Today’s strong labour market numbers suggest more increases to come. .
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How The Natural Rate Of Unemployment Works
Even in a healthy economy, there is some level of unemployment for three main reasons:
What The Current Unemployment Rate Means For You
When businesses are hiring, wages rise and fewer people are unemployed. Thats seemingly good news for you and your wallet. But that might not necessarily be the case.
Because there are so few unemployed people, employers have to compete even harder to attract employees and get staffed up. That means pay risesbut inflation comes along for the ride. Inflation is makes gas, groceries, and nearly anything else you want to buy way more expensive.
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Is There Only One Official Definition Of Unemployment
There is only one official definition of unemploymentpeople who are jobless, actively seeking work, and available to take a job, as discussed above.The official unemployment rate for the nation is the number of unemployed as a percentage of the labor force .
Some have argued, however, that these unemployment measures are too restricted, and that they do not adequately capture the breadth of labor market problems.For this reason, economists at BLS developed a set of alternative measures of labor underutilization. These measures, expressed as percentages, are published every month inThe Employment Situation news release. They range from a very limited measure that includes only those who have been unemployedfor 15 weeks or more to a very broad one that includes total unemployed, all people marginally attached to the labor force, and all individuals employed part time for economic reasons.More information about the alternative measures is available on the BLS website.
Who Is Not In The Labor Force
As mentioned previously, the labor force is made up of the employed and the unemployed. The remainderthose who have no job and are not looking for oneare counted as not in thelabor force. Many who are not in the labor force are going to school or are retired. Family responsibilities keep others out of the labor force. Since the mid-1990s, typically fewerthan 1 in 10 people not in the labor force reported that they want a job.
A series of questions is asked each month of persons not in the labor force to obtain information about their desire for work, the reasons why they had not looked for work in thelast 4 weeks, their prior job search, and their availability for work. These questions include the following .
- They believe no job is available to them in their line of work or area.
- They had previously been unable to find work.
- They lack the necessary schooling, training, skills, or experience.
- Employers think they are too young or too old, or
- They face some other type of discrimination.
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Californias Labor Market By The Numbers
- The state has not only regained all of the 2,758,900 nonfarm jobs lost during March and April of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has now surpassed it with a gain of 2,789,700 nonfarm jobs since that time.
- Eight of Californias 11 industry sectors gained jobs in October with Education & Health Services showing the largest month-over gains thanks to above average gains in Outpatient Care Services, Nursing Care Facilities, and Individual and Family Services.
- Professional and Business Services also had strong growth thanks, in part, to above average gains in Accounting and Tax Prep and Bookkeeping Services.
- Government again led the way in job losses with a third consecutive decline in State Government and the second straight month of losses in Local Government.
1. The unemployment rate comes from a separate federal survey of 5,100 California households.
2. The nonfarm payroll job numbers come from a federal survey of 80,000 California businesses.
What The Real Unemployment Rate Means For You
The real unemployment rate includes several categories the U-3 unemployment does not: underemployed people, marginally attached workers, and discouraged workers.
Underemployed people are part-time workers who would prefer full-time jobs. The U-3 report counts them as being employed and in the labor force.
Marginally attached workers have looked for jobs in the last year, but not in the previous four weeks, which means they aren’t counted in U-3. They’re not included in the labor force participation rate, either.
Discouraged workers are marginally attached workers who aren’t looking for work because they believe they can’t qualify for available jobs, or because the don’t believe there are any available jobs.
Keeping an eye on the real unemployment rate can give you a broader picture of the current employment situation, which may influence your own employment or career decisions.
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The Establishment Payroll Survey
When the unemployment report comes out each month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports on the number of jobs createdwhich comes from the establishment payroll survey . The payroll survey is based on a survey of about 140,000 businesses and government agencies throughout the United States. It generates payroll employment estimates by the following criteria: all employees, average weekly hours worked, and average hourly, weekly, and overtime earnings. One of the criticisms of this survey is that it does not count the self-employed. It also does not make a distinction between new, minimum wage, part time or temporary jobs and full time jobs with decent pay.
Employers Added 56700 Nonfarm Payroll Jobs
SACRAMENTO Californias unemployment rate increased in the month of October 2022 to 4.0 percent1 despite the states employers adding 56,700 nonfarm payroll jobs2 to the economy, according to data released today by the California Employment Development Department from two surveys. The state has also now completed its full recovery from the large job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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How Does Unemployment Relate To The Stock Market
The relationship between unemployment and the value of stocks is inverse and fairly stable. The lower the unemployment rate, the higher the stock market as measured by bellwether indexes like the S& P 500.
This makes sensewhen people are working, they have more spending money, which means demand for consumer goods and services is high. High demand can translate to good earnings, which can drive stock prices up.
As with any relationship, however, there are exceptions to this trend, but generally, periods of low unemployment see stocks move higher as a whole.
What Determines The Natural Rate Of Unemployment
Milton Freidman argued the natural rate of unemployment would be determined by institutional factors such as.
- Availability of job information. A factor in determining frictional unemployment and how quickly the unemployed find a job.
- The level of benefits. Generous benefits may discourage workers from taking jobs at the existing wage rate.
- Skills and education. The quality of education and retraining schemes will influence the level of occupational mobilities.
- The degree of labour mobility. See: labour mobility
- Flexibility of the labour market E.g. powerful trades unions may be able to restrict the supply of labour to certain labour markets
- Hysteresis. A rise in unemployment caused by a recession may cause the natural rate of unemployment to increase. This is because when workers are unemployed for a time period they become deskilled and demotivated and are less able to get new jobs.
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What Are The Unemployment Rate Labor Force Participation Rate And Employment
Other important labor market statistics are developed using the basic survey estimates of people employed, unemployed, and not in the labor force. These statistics include:
- The number of people in the labor force. This measure is the sum of the employed and the unemployed. In other words, the labor force level is the number of peoplewho are either working or actively seeking work.
- The national unemployment rate. Perhaps the most widely known labor market indicator, this statistic reflects the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the labor force.
- The labor force participation rate. This measure is the number of people in the labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over.In other words, it is the percentage of the population that is either working or actively seeking work.
- The employment-population ratio. This measure is the number of employed as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over.In other words, it is the percentage of the population that is currently working.
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
This monthly program provides labor force, resident employment and unemployment estimates, and unemployment rates for state and sub-state areas based on information obtained from a household survey known as the Current Population Survey . While the national unemployment rate is derived directly from data collected through this survey, sample sizes in each state are too small to provide reliable monthly estimates for the states directly. Therefore, all states including Rhode Island calculate their unemployment rates using statistical models developed by BLS. The models incorporate the number of jobs at businesses and current Unemployment Insurance claims data to refine the individual state estimates provided by the CPS survey.
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